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服装衣下空气层热传递性能研究进展

发布时间: 2022-10-21 16:25:03

摘要: 为探究衣下空气层对于服装系统热传递性能的影响,文章介绍了衣下空气层的热传递机制,概括了三种衣下空气层对于服装隔热性能影响的研究方法,即热平板测试、假人测试和数值模拟,论述了各研究方法的优点与不足。根据研究方法,从厚度、体积、位置、方向、非均匀形态和运动状态六方面分析了衣下空气层对服装热传递性能的影响。基于目前研究现状,针对研究方法和研究内容的不足提出两点展望,即研究非均匀衣下空气层对于服装系统热传递的影响,发展厚重服装和多层服装的衣下空气层的测量方法。

关键词: 衣下空气层;热传递性能;三维人体测量法;服装;暖体假人

中图分类号: TS941.17文献标志码: A文章编号: 10017003(2018)07004108引用页码: 071107

Research progress of heat transfer performance of air layer entrapped in clothing

JIANG Rongfan1,2, WANG Yunyi1a,2

(1a. College of Apparel and Art Design; 1b.Key Laboratory of Clothing Design & Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University,

Shanghai 200051, China; 2. Apparel & Art Design College, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China)

Abstract: To explore the effect of air layer entrapped in clothing on heat transfer performance, the heat transfer mechanism of air layer was introduced in the study. The three kinds of research methods, their respective advantages and disadvantages were reviewed, including hot plate testing, manikin testing and numerical modeling. The advantages and disadvantages of research methods were discussed. According to the research methods, the influence of thickness, volume, location, direction, geometrical form and motion state on the clothing heat transfer performance was analyzed. Based on current research status, the two outlooks were proposed for the deficiency of research methods and research methods, i.e. to study the effect of nonheterogeneous air layer entrapped in clothing on heat transfer performance, and to develop measurement methods of air layer of thick clothing and multilayer clothing.

Key words: air layer entrapped in clothing; heat transfer performance; 3D body measuring; clothing; the thermal manikin

收稿日期: 20171031; 修回日期: 20180508

作者簡介: 姜茸凡(1987),男,博士研究生,研究方向为服装舒适性与功能设计。通信作者,王云仪,教授,wangyunyi@dhu.edu.cn。对于单层服装,衣下空气层仅指人体皮肤表面与服装内表面之间的微小空气层,而对于多层服装系统,衣下空气层还包括服装层与层之间的空气层[12]。由于空气的导热系数远小于纤维的导热系数,所以,静止的空气具有良好的隔热性能。在防护服装的款式设计中,有效地增大衣下空气层,既能提高防寒服装的保温性能,也能增强高温防护服装的热防护性能。因此,衣下空气层被国内外学者广泛地关注并进行了深入研究。

本文以衣下空气层为研究对象,介绍衣下空气层的传热机制、热传递性能的测试方法及其优缺点,分析影响热传递性能的六个因素,并对研究趋势提出两点展望。

1衣下空气层传热机制

全面地剖析衣下空气层的传热机制,有助于建立准确的服装传热模型,理解各因素(厚度、体积等)对于衣下空气层传热性能的影响。衣下空气层的传热方式包括传导、对流和辐射,空气的流动状态决定着空气层传导或对流的传热方式,空气层的几何形状影响着辐射的换热系数。

1.1传导或对流传热

空气的流动状态分为静止、层流和湍流,在不同流动状态下,衣下空气层的传热方式不同。在传热学中,空气的流动状态可根据瑞利数Ra进行判定[3],即

Ra=gβΔTδ3av(1)

式中:Ra为无量纲系数;δ为衣下空气层厚度,m;g为重力加速度,m/s2;ΔT为空气层边界的温度差,K;β为体积膨胀系数,即空气的绝对温度的倒数,K-1;α为空气热扩散系数,m2/s;v为空气动力黏度,m2/s。

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